A.I.D : “Agency for International Development” USA Agency for International Development. The US government especially war, civil war, epidemic, famine, etc. organization that regulates aid to countries affected by extraordinary events such as
A.T.A : “American Truckers Association” Truckers Association of America.
AAR : “Against All Risks” is used for “All Risks Included” clause in insurance policies.
A.A.R : “Association of American Railroads” American Continental Railroad Association.
ABAFT : For ships stern, stern, stern. Somewhere between the stern and the middle of the ship.
ABANDON : Shipper or buyer’s release of their goods.
ABATEMENT : Allowed discount on invoice in case of damage to property or pricing over tariff.
ABI : “Automated Broker Interface” EDI system where agents can perform import transactions at US Customs.
ABOARD : Putting the load on the transport vehicle, the load being on the vehicle.
ABSORPTION : One carrier bears the expenses of another carrier without informing the shipper/sender.
ACCEPTANCE : A post-dated draft or payment check accepted by the drawee/payer and which is unconditionally liable to pay when due. Roughly, it is an agreement to purchase goods under specified conditions.
ACCESSORIAL CHARGES : Costs added to the basic tariff, such as rental of transport containers, exchange rate and delivery costs.
ACQUIESCENCE : A statement that if a bill of lading is accepted or signed by the sender/shipper without protest, the sender will be deemed to have accepted the terms of the agreement by remaining silent.
ACQUITTANCE : Document showing that you have waived the claims on the load.
A.C.S. : “Automated Commercial Systems” EDI BILGE system of US Customs.
ACT OF GOD : Natural disaster.
AD VALOREM : Latin term meaning “By Value”, mostly used in tax systems.
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE : “Administrative Judge” in the USA
ADMIRALITY : “Naval Court” in the USA. Naval Command in the UK.
ADVANCE : 1. Advance in advance 2. Carrying the ship that will depart within a short time previously booked.
ADVANCED CHARGES : The shipping fee transferred from one carrier to another that will ultimately be collected from the shipper/shipper or consignee/concierge.
ADVENTURE : Shipper/shipper assumes all risks.
ADVICE OF SHIPMENT : Loading instruction. Domestic or foreign buyer’s packing of the cargo, routing etc. notes on the subject. A copy of the invoice and, if requested, a copy of the bill of lading are attached to this instruction.
ADVISING BANK : The bank that initiates a credit relationship on behalf of the merchant in a commercial business.
AFFREIGHTMENT, CONTRACT OF : Freight place reservation contract. A contract by which a maritime carrier guarantees an exporter or importer to provide cargo space on board at a specified time and at a specified tariff.
AFT : The rear part of vehicles such as ships, airplanes.
AGENCY TARIFF : Agency Tariff. A tariff issued by an agent on behalf of many carriers.
AGENT : Agency. A person or institution authorized to conclude a contract and act on behalf of someone else or a company based on a contract or power of attorney.
AGGREGATE SHIPMENT : Bringing together and consolidating the cargo to be sent from different sellers to a single buyer/consignee as a single cargo.
AGREED WEIHGT : The agreed weight or tonnage of the cargo between the carrier and the consignor.
AIRWAY BILL : Air Waybill. A transport document prepared in a non-negotiable form between the consignor and the air carrier.
ALL IN : All inclusive price. Agreement covering all costs from departure to arrival.
ALONGSIDE : The side of the ship, the side. Goods delivered as “Alongside” are put on board in a way suitable for loading at the port.
ALTERNATIVE Rates : Alternative Freights.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE : Ambient temperature. The ambient temperature for a container is atmospheric temperature.
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING : American Bureau of Shipping. Organization that registers the navigational fitness of American ships.
AMS : “Automated Manifest System” The “Automated Summary Declaration System” of US Customs.
ANTI-DUMPING DUTY : Anti-dumping duty. A tax imposed in order not to encourage the sale of imported goods and to encourage the substitution of these goods for domestic goods.
ANY QUANTITY (A.Q.) : Expression stating that the determined freight will be applied regardless of the quantity of goods.
APPARENT GOOD ORDER : Determining that the goods are not damaged during external inspection.
APPRAISEMENT : Determination of the customs value of the goods. Determination of the taxable value of the imported goods by the customs authorities.
APPRAISER’S STORES : Customs warehouse where samples are taken, examined and measured to determine the customs value of the imported goods.
ARBITRARY : Putting an arbitrary, discretionary price on top of a fixed price.
ARRIVAL NOTICE : Notification of Arrival. A note sent by the carrier to the consignee/consignee or agent when the goods reach the point specified on the bill of lading.
ASC X12 : “American Standards Committee x12” American Standards Committee. Organization responsible for determining electronic data exchange standards in the USA.
ASSIGNMENT : Allocating bills of lading or negotiable instruments. Transfer of valuable papers for the establishment of ownership or other rights. Turnover in promissory notes (bills of lading); a written transfer statement in registered bills.
ASTERN : Astern.
ATA CARNET ATA CARNET : . The term formed by combining the French “Admission Temporaire” and the English “Temporary Admission” expressions. A document issued by the relevant chambers of commerce that provides duty-free entry and exit of fairs, exhibitions, commercial samples and professional equipment to the territory of the country that accepts the system for a certain period of time.
ATDNSHINC : “Any Time,Daytime;Night,Sundays and Holidays Included” Always, including night, day, Sunday and holidays.
ATWARTSHIPS : The transverse cross direction of the ship.
AVOIRDUPOIS POUNDS : Load weight unit equal to 0.4535924277 kilograms.
AWWL : “Always Within Institute Warranties Limits” Insurance phrase meaning “Always Within Warranty Limits”.
B/L : “Bill of Lading” Bill of Lading. Bills of lading, in parallel with the conditions written on it; It can have names such as “Negotiable/Straight (Non-Negociable)”, “Clean/Dirty (Unclean)”, “Master/House”, “Services/Express”, “Received/Open/Shipped”. Types of bill of lading: 1. “Ocean/Marine B/L”: It is a bill of lading that includes the transportation from port to port and is signed by the carrier, captain or agency. Land, rail, etc. Does not include internal transport. 2. “Combined B/L”: It is the type of bill of lading issued when the cargo is transported by land, sea and air combinations. 3. “Through B/L”: It is the bill of lading issued when the cargo is transported by more than one sea vessel.
BACK HAUL : Return. return load.
BAF : “Bunker Adjusment Factor” Fuel Adjustment Factor. It is used to protect maritime line operators from fluctuating fuel prices, also referred to as “FAF-Fuel Adjusment Factor”.
BALLOON FREIGHT : Light and bulky load.
BANK GUARANTIEE : Bank guarantee. The bank’s guarantee to the carrier if the original bill of lading is lost or misplaced.
BARGE CARRIERS : Barge carrier. A ship designed to transport a barge.
BARRATRY : The term used for illegal acts or corruptions performed by the ship’s master or other ship’s management without the consent and purposes of the ship owner. This includes negligence and other corruption that will cause damage.
BARREL : (BBL) Barrel. Container capable of holding 42 gallons of liquid at 60’F.
BASE RATE : Base freight. The transportation fee determined in the basic tariff, excluding additional costs.
BB : 1. “Ballast Bonus” In case there is an insignificant empty departure distance and cost in the main freight calculation between the discharge port on the previous voyage of the ship and the loading port on the next voyage, the amount taken to cover this empty departure cost. is the fee. 2. “Bare Boat” Bare boat charter. 3. “Bar-Bound” “River Plate” health condition in the grain trade.
BCO : “Beneficial Cargo Owner” Benefiting cargo owner. The person who receives the goods at the destination, does not act as a third party in the transportation of the goods and is specified as the importer in the records.
BEAM : The width of the ship.
BELT LINE : An alternating rail system serving in the commercial area.
BENEFICIARY : Beneficiary. Person or firm authorized to receive payment.
BERTH TERMS : Loading and unloading condition. Conditions covering the costs from the dock where the ship is loaded to the dock where it will unload. It is also referred to as the ‘Docking Condition’.
BILETERAL : Mutual. A contract term that indicates the mutual consent of the parties.
BILL OF EXCHANGE : Payment instruments such as bills, bills of lading, bills of lading.
BILL OF LADING : Bill of Lading. Basic and valuable documents used in the transportation of goods, raw materials and goods. The bill of lading determines the freight, the characteristics of the goods transported, the route and the parties with the right of ownership on the cargo.
BILL OF SALE : A document transferring the ownership of the cargo in return for a payment or debt.
BILL OF PARTY : The customer who is obliged to pay for the service.
BILLED WEIGHT : Invoiced weight. The weight of the cargo stated on the bill of lading.
BLANKET BOND : Bond covering several people, goods and things.
BLANKET RATE : Carriage fee/tariff applicable to different items in a single shipment.
BLANKET WAYBILL : Bill of lading issued for the cargo carried on more than one trip.
BLIND SHIPMENT : Shipment without specifying the consignee or sender on the bill of lading.
BLOCK STOWAGE : Load stacking to prevent unintentional movements
BLOCKED TRAINS : Block train. A freight train that carries many wagons to a single destination without stopping at different stations and adding or removing wagons.
BLOCKING OR BRACING : Wooden or metal supports placed next to them for fixing loads.
BLS (BALES) : Bale.
BOARD : Board. Access to the vehicle.
BOARD FEET : Load measure 12 inches wide by 1 foot long.
BOBTAIL : A trailer without a trailer is traveling on the highway.
BOGIE : Wheel system mounted under the container.
BOLSTER : The part that ensures the safety of the Container mounted on the chassis.
BOND PORT : Customs port of entry.
BONDED FREIGHT : Bonded cargo.
BONDED WAREHOUSE : Bonded warehouse. The warehouse where the goods are allowed to be stored until the customs procedures are completed by the customs authorities.
BOOKING : Reservation.
BOOKING NUMBER : The reservation number.
BOTTOM SIDE RAILS : Longitudinal structural elements at the bottom of the container.
BOTTOM-AIR DELIVERY : A mechanism that provides air circulation in a temperature-controlled container.
BOW : The front of the ship.
BOXCAR : Enclosed rail freight vehicle.
BREAK BULK : Bulk cargo.
BRIDGE POINT : Front transportation point. The land point where the cargo transported from one port to another port is collected.
BRIDGE PORT : Front port of transport. The port where the cargo carried by a ship is collected, loaded into a container and transferred to another port for re-transport.
BROKEN STOWAGE : The area that cannot be used due to the type and characteristics of the loaded cargo or the planning error in its placement.
BROKER : Broker. A person who is prepared to carry a load and receives a commission from the carriage of the load.
BROKERAGE : Brokerage.
BULK CARGO : Bulk cargo. Mineral ore, coal, sand etc. such as unpackaged or containerized, unmarked cargo.
BULK CARRIERS : Bulk carrier. All ships built to transport bulk goods such as grain, fertilizer, ore and oil.
BULK-FREIGHT CONTANIER : Container as a discharge hatch for bulk cargoes.
BULKHEAD : Bracket. Container, wagon etc. separator for transporting goods separately from each other in transport containers.
BULL RINGS : Parts placed on the bottom of the container to strengthen the transported goods and prevent it from slipping.
BUNKER CHARGE : Fuel adjustment factor. see BAF
BUNKERS : Ship fuel.
C&F : “Cost and Freight” “Freight and Cost” as cargo sales term. The type of sale in which the seller bears the cost of the goods and the transportation costs to the port of destination. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), which defines INCOTERMS terms, changed this sales term to “CFR” on 1 July 1990.
CABOTAGE : Cabotage. The name given to sea and water transport between the ports of the same country. Many countries, including Turkey, have made legal restrictions to carry out coastal transport by ships with certain flags.
CAF : “Currency Adjustment Factor” Currency adjustment factor. It is used to protect offshore line operators from fluctuating fuel prices.
CAPTAIN’S PROTEST : Minute kept by the captain due to bad weather or similar conditions. It is registered at the first port. It is usually arranged to protect the ship owner or operator from liability for damages incurred by the cargo during the voyage, also known as “Sea Protest”.
CAR POOLING : The use of a private road/railway transportation vehicle by the carrier and the carrier through a central authority.
CAR SEAL : Vehicle seal. Container, wagon etc. metal or bird seal placed on the doors of transport containers. The seal is usually numbered for registration.
CARFLOAT : Rail system used for freight transfer in ports.
CARGO : Load.
CARGO MANIFEST : Cargo Manifesto/Summary Statement. A list showing the sender and receiver of the cargo carried at a particular time, as well as the type and quantity of the goods.
CARGO NOS : “Cargo Not Otherwise Specified” The applicable tariff fee for the cargoes that are not specified among the items specified in the cargo transportation tariffs.
CARGO PREFERENCE : The cargo that needs to be transported by country vehicles. Generally, public goods are included in this scope.
CARGO TONNAGE : Freight tonnage. Scheduled weight of the goods.
CARLOAD RATE : Vehicle load price.
CARNET : Carnet. A document issued by the customs for a good to cross international borders.
CARRIER : Carrier. Person or organization that undertakes the responsibility of carrying out the transportation by land, air, sea, rail, inland waterway or combined according to a transportation contract.
CARRIER CERTIFICATE : Carrier Certificate. The document required from the carrier by the customs authorities to withdraw the goods from the customs.
CARTAGE : Internal transportation. Road or rail transportation between cities of the same country.
CARTMENT : Bonded transport document. The document given for transporting from one place (bonded warehouse) to another under customs control in the jurisdiction of the same customs.
CASH AGAINST DOCUMENT’S(CAD) : Payment against paperwork. Cash payment made by the buyer to the agent acting on behalf of the seller in return for the delivery of the goods documents.
CASH IN ADVANCE (CIA) : Advance payment. Prepayment made by the buyer for loading the goods to the seller. Generally, this method is used for machinery and accessories made to order.
CASH WITH ORDER (CWO) : Payment when order is placed.
CBM : “Cubic Meter” is also abbreviated as CM. Cubic meter.
CE (CONSUMPTION ENTRY) : The document used for the declaration of goods imported into the USA.
CELLS : Cell system. The way of stacking containers on top of each other in container ships.
CENTER OF GRAVITY : Center of gravity of transport vehicles or container.
CERTIFICATE : Certificate, certificate. Document showing the permission granted to the carrier by the customs or other responsible institution.
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN : Certificate of origin. Document showing the country of origin of the goods in international trade.
CFR : “Cost and Freight” means the cost of the goods and the freight. It means that the seller pays the costs and freight required for the transportation of the goods to the destination port by specifying the port of destination. The risk of damage and all related costs pass from the seller to the buyer after the goods pass from the loading port to the side of the ship. The term CFR requires that the goods be exported by the seller.
CFS : “Container Freight Station” Container transport station. The place where the container loads are unloaded and reloaded. Usually the missing container loads are completed, and the loads going to the same consignee/concier are consolidated.
CHARTER PARTY : Ship charter contract. It regulates information such as the duration of the contract, freight charges and ports of call on the cruise.
CHASSIS : Chassis. A wheeled and container-locked mechanism that secures the container in motion.
CHOCK : Metal or wood construction that prevents the load from tipping over.
CI : “Cost and Insurance” “Cost and insurance”. Sales agreement covering cost of goods, marine insurance, and all handling charges excluding freight.
CIF : “Cost, Insurance and Freight” In this type of sale, the seller has the same obligations as in the CFR term, but at the same time, he has to provide maritime insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transportation. The seller makes the insurance contract and pays the premium. pays. CIF requires issue-issue processing by the seller.
CIF&C : “Cost,Insurance,Freight & Commission” “Cost, insurance, freight and commission”. It is a sales agreement in which the seller covers commissions as well as cost of goods, freight charges and transportation insurance.
CIF&E : “Cost,Insurance,Freight & Exchange” “Cost, insurance, freight and foreign exchange”. It is a sales agreement in which the seller undertakes the cost of goods, freight charges and transportation insurance, as well as foreign exchange costs.
CIFCI : “Cost,Insurance,Freight,Collection And Interest” “Cost,insurance,freight,delivery and interest”. It is a sales agreement in which the seller undertakes the cost of the goods, freight charges and transportation insurance, as well as delivery and interest expenses.
CIP : “Carriage and Insurance Paid to” is the sales term meaning that the seller has the same obligations under the CPT. However, it additionally requires the buyer to provide cargo insurance against the risk of transporting the goods. The seller makes the insurance contract and pays the premium. The seller is also obligated to provide the buyer with only the lowest level of insurance coverage in the CIP term. CIP requires that the export-exit transactions be made by the seller.
CKD : “Completely Knocked Down” Dismantling of vehicles, equipment and devices of the type to be subjected to a special transport.
CL : “Carload” and “Containerload” Container load.
CLAIM : Compensation claim made to the carrier for payment of goods damaged or missing during transportation.
CLASSIFICATION : Classification. Lists developed by customs or other authorized institutions that reveal the items of goods specified in detail on a bill of lading.
CLASSIFICATION RATING : Pricing applicable to classified goods items.
CLASSIFICATION YARD : The area where the freight train train is created.
CLAYTON ACT : The US anti-monopoly law of 1914 outlawing price discrimination.
CLEAN BILL OF LADING : Bill of lading issued by the carrier and showing that the goods are undamaged and complete when received by the carrier. Unless otherwise stated, the bill of lading is considered “cleaned”.
CLEANING IN TRANSIT : Cleaning, sorting and/or repackaging of the goods by stopping them somewhere between the origin and destination points.
CLEARANCE : 1. Customs clearance 2. Loading the vehicle in such a way that it can easily pass through restricted places such as bridges or tunnels.
CLEAT : Iron or wooden strips mounted inside to increase the durability of the load.
CLECAT : European Forwarder, Customs Agencies and Logistics Association. Established in 1958, it is a transportation organization with consultancy status before the EU Commission, which is a member of associations and federations representing freight forwarders, customs agency and logistics companies in European countries.
CLIP-ON : Cooling equipment that can be installed in an insulated container.
COASTWISE : Sea transport along the coast.
COD : “Collect (cash) on Delivery” Payment method on delivery.
COFC : “Container On Flat Car” Abbreviation used in the sense of “Container transported by flat wagon” in railway transportation.
COGSA : Abbreviation for “Carriage of Goods by Sea Act”. The 1936 law regulating the carrier’s responsibilities arising from the bill of lading in maritime transport in the USA.
COLLECTING BANK : The bank to which the transfer is made. The bank that is the agent of the seller’s bank and does not assume any responsibility for the goods and bills of lading.
COLLECTION : Check/draft issued by the seller, usually to which other shipping documents are attached, with instructions for the form of payment.
COMBINATION EXPORT MANAGER : A firm that exports the goods of more than one manufacturer that is not a competitor.
COMBINATION PASSENGER AND CARGO SHIPS : Combined passenger and cargo ship. These are ships with 13 or more passenger capacity.
COMBINATION RATE : Rate, fee consisting of 2 or more factors.
COMMERCIAL INVOICE : Commercial invoice. The invoice, in which all transactions are recorded between the exporter and the importer, and which forms the basis for the documents issued for the transported goods.
COMMODITY : Freight. Transported goods.
COMMODITY RATE : Printed tariff showing the transportation fee applied for certain freight items.
COMMON CARRIER : Carrier, forwarder. Person or company that transports goods over printed tariffs.
COMMON LAW : Customary, unwritten law.
CONCEALED DAMAGE : Hidden damage. Damage that cannot be noticed at the first inspection or without opening the package of the goods.
CONFERENCE : A union with common rules and tariffs established by shipowners and ship owners serving on the same route.
CONFIRMED LETTER OF CREDIT : Confirmed letter of credit, Letter of credit. Letter of credit issued by a foreign bank, approved by the local bank. The exporter with a confirmed letter of credit has the guarantee of receiving payment even if the foreign buyer or bank is at fault.
CONFIRMING BANK : Approving/issuing bank. The bank that confirms another bank’s letter of credit and agrees to make payment upon delivery of the documents specified in the letter of credit.
CONNECTING CARRIER : Carrier company that establishes a connection between two carriers.
CONSIGNEE : Buyer, consignee. Person or company authorized to take delivery of the transported goods in the transport documents.
CONSIGNEE MARK : Recipient symbol. Usually triangle, circle, square etc. placed on packages for identification. symbols with figures and letters denoting the port of discharge.
CONSIGNMENT : (1) Goods that are sent to the place specified by an intermediary for transportation, but for which the manufacturer is still entitled. (2) Loading the goods for delivery to the consignee/consignee.
CONSIGNOR : Person specified as the consignor of the goods on the bill of lading.
CONSOLIDATION : Consolidation of loads from different sources destined for the same shipment.
CONSOLIDATOR : Person or company that consolidates and provides consolidation services.
CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY : Construction fee difference subsidy.
CONSUL : Consul.
CONSULAR DECLERATION : Freight details approved by the consul of the sending country.
CONSULAR INVOICE : A document signed by a consular official, which is required by some countries. It is usually requested by the customs of the importing country to determine the value, type and characteristics of the goods.
CONSULAR VISA : Signature or seal added to the documents by the consul of the country to which it is sent.
CONSUMPTION ENTRY (CE) : Declaration of goods imported into the USA.
CONTAINER : Container. Various sizes, widths and heights, cooled, ventilated, open top, for bulk cargo etc. A transport container that can be transported by ship, plane, train and truck.
CONTAINER BOOKING : Container reservation. Reserving a place for containers on ship lines that transport containers.
CONTAINER LOAD : Enough load to fill the container.
CONTAINER MANIFEST : Container manifest. Document containing the goods and loading information in the container.
CONTAINER POLL : Agreement between companies to open containers for common use.
CONTAINER TERMINAL : Container terminal. An area with land, sea and railway connections where stacking, loading, unloading, repair and maintenance of full or empty containers are made.
CONTAINER YARD (CY) : Container area. The area where loaded or empty containers are handled, loaded, unloaded, stored.
CONTAINERIZABLE CARGO : An economic load that does not leave any space in the container and does not cause loss of space.
CONTAINERIZATION : Loading general or special purpose cargo into containers for different modes of transport.
CONTRABAND : Forbidden cargo.
CONTRACT : Contract, contract. A legal written agreement between two or more parties to fulfill an obligation for a specified value within a specified period of time.
CONTRACT CARRIER : Contracted carrier. Person or organization engaged in the transport of goods or passengers under a contract.
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE : A computer-controlled transportation system that controls the mixture of gases.
CORNER POSTS : Vertical frames at the corners of the container that facilitate the placing of containers on or from the transport vehicle.
CORRESPONDANT BANK : Correspondent bank. The local bank that handles the business of the overseas bank.
COST,INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (CIF) : Freight, insurance, cost. See CIF
COUNTERVAILING DUTY : A tax imposed on foreign importers to support local exports.
CPT : “Carriage Paid To” means the seller pays the shipping fee for the transportation of the goods to the destination, with the freight paid-by specifying the destination. After the goods are transferred to the carrier, the risk of loss or damage to the goods, also this delivery Any additional costs that may occur after the transaction is paid by the buyer. If other carriers are used to deliver the goods to the destination, the risk passes to this carrier when the goods are transferred from them to the first carrier. The CPT requires the issuer to be issued by the seller.
CROSS MEMBER : Cross construction that is mounted under the container and strengthens the container.
CU : “Cubic” Abbreviation for “Cube” in the metric system.
CUBE OUT : Filling of a container below the legal weight limits.
CUBE FOOT : A measure of volume measuring 1.728 inches..Also known as “Cube Feet”.
CUSTOMHOUSE : Customs Office.
CUSTOMHOUSE BROKER : Customs broker. Legal intermediary authorized to carry out customs clearance on behalf of his client.
CUSTOMS : Customs.
CUSTOMS BONDED WAREHOUSE : Bonded warehouse. Warehouse area where the goods to be cleared are allowed to be placed.
CUSTOM ENTRY : Customs entry. In all countries, importers are required to make a declaration for the goods that they can allow to enter within the country border and to pay the customs duties of the imported goods. The importer’s customs declaration must be the same as the carrier’s manifest (summary declaration) indicates imported.
CUSTOM INVOICE : Customs invoice. Form containing all data from commercial invoice, certificate of origin and certificate of value. Required only in a few countries and functions as a seller’s commercial invoice.
CUSTOM OF THE PORT : Port Customary. It specifies the local rules and practices that affect the transportation costs in the ports of the country where the goods are sent.
CUT-OFF TIME : The deadline and time for the cargo to be delivered to the terminal before the departure of the train or ship.
CWT : A measure of weight in 100 pounds.
CY : See “Container Yard”.
D&H : “Dangerous & Hazardeous” Cargo that is dangerous and requires care and attention to be transported.
DAF : “Delivered At Frontier” Delivery at the border by specifying the destination. It means the termination of the seller’s obligations when the goods are made ready for delivery at the specified place and point at the border, but before the customs border of the adjacent country, with customs clearance completed at the specified place. is coming.
D.O.T. : “Department of Transport” US Department of Transportation.
DDC : “Destination Delivery Charge” Delivery charge on arrival. It is a charge applied to many cargo tariffs depending on the container size. This cost is added to the basic sea freight as a subsidiary cost. The door fee is included for crane unloadings from the ship, heavy truck transports within the terminal and terminal operations.
DDP : “Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller’s obligation to deliver will be fulfilled by the fact that the goods are made available at the place determined in the importing country, by specifying the place of destination for delivery with the importer’s customs duty paid. bears all risks and costs, including customs duties, taxes and other charges. EXW means the least responsibility for the seller, while DDP means the most.
DDU : “Delivered Duty Unpaid” means that the seller will fulfill his obligation to deliver, by keeping the delivered goods ready at the place determined in the importing country without paying the customs duty. The seller is responsible for the costs and risks (customs, taxes and excluding other payable import fees).
DEADWEIGHT : It expresses the total ton carrying capacity of a ship with cargo, dry and liquid cargo. The deadweight capacity of the ship is calculated as the difference in tons of the amount of water it takes when empty from the amount of water it takes until it sinks to the “load line”.
DEADWEIGHT CARGO : Ship loading unit. It refers to the ton weight of the cargo that can be stacked in an area of 40 feet.
DECONSOLIDATION POINT : The place where scattered or uncontained cargo is reloaded for delivery.
DEFICIT WEIGHT : Missing tonnage. Less weight than it should be.
DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS : Delivery instructions. Instruction to pick up the goods from the specified address and deliver them to the distribution wharf. Usually, such instructions are given by the exporter to the land transport operator or the rail transport operator who complements the land transport. “Shipping Deliver Order” Also known as
DEMDES : “Demurrage/Despatch” The money paid for loading or unloading the goods from the ship faster or slower than anticipated.
DENSITY : Density. Weight of cargo per cubic meter or other unit of volume.
DEPOT,CONTAINER : Container Warehouse. Empty area where empty containers are picked up and dropped.
DEQ : “Delivered Ex Quay,(Duty Paid)” Delivery at the quay. The port of destination must be specified. It means the fulfillment of DDU at the port on the appropriate quay, with the customs entry of the goods completed. It must bear all costs and risks, including customs duties, taxes and other fees, until delivery.
DES : “Delivered Ex Ship” Delivery on the ship. It fulfills its obligation to deliver the goods on the ship before the customs procedures are completed by specifying the destination port.
DESTINATION : Destination, destination, destination. The place where the carrier will deliver the goods to the buyer or his agent.
DETENTION : 1. It is a fine given to the sender or receiver who causes delay of the carrier’s equipment by exceeding the given available time. Demurrage is applied to the load, and detention is applied to the equipment. 2. Detention of the vehicle and cargo by the state for various reasons.
DEVANNING : Unloading of container or cargo van.
DF CAR : “Damage-free Car” Freight wagon with special equipment against damage.
DISCREPANCY LETTER OF CREDIT : Disputed letter of credit/letter of credit. If the documents presented do not comply with the requirements of the Letter of Credit, they will be treated as “disputed”. Banks cannot deal with disputed letters of credit. They notify the buyer or seller of the situation and wait for instructions.
DISPLACEMENT : The weight of the ship. It is calculated by dividing the cubic meter of water carried by the ship by 1.025 tons/m., which is the average density of sea water.
DIVERSION : Change in the course of the goods in transit or the entire ship.
DIVISION : Carrier’s application to split the revenue from joint uploads.
DOCK : Dock. A loading and unloading platform at an industrial site or carrier terminal in land transport.
DOCK RECEIPT : Dock waybill. Document showing the receipt of the goods. It is mostly used in the preparation of sea bill of lading.
DOCUMENTS AGAINTS ACCEPTANCE (D/A) : It is the instruction given by the buyer to the bank regarding the delivery of the document if the buyer makes the payment.
DOLLY : Wheelset supporting the front of the container. Used when the container is not attached to a tow truck.
DOOR TO DOOR : Door-to-door transportation. Carrying out all the transportation of the goods from the sender to the recipient. Also known as home-to-home shipping.
DRAFT : It is an unconditional instruction of one party (drawer-drawer) to another party (drawee-drawee) in writing, that the addressee pays a certain amount on a certain date.
DRAFT,BANK : A check, bill, or promissory note that a seller sends to a buyer, usually through a bank.
DRAFT,CLEAN : Check, policy or promissory note with no documents attached.
DRAFT,DATE : Check, bill or promissory note that expires on a certain date, regardless of the date of acceptance.
DRAFT,DISCOUNTED : A postdated check, bill of exchange or promissory note accepted under a letter of credit and purchased at a discount by a bank.
DRAFT,SIGHT : Check, policy or promissory note that can be paid against documents upon request.
DRAFT,TIME : A check, bill or promissory note that expires on a specific date against documents or after its acceptance.
DRAWBAG : Partial refund of an import duty. Refunds are usually made because the goods are re-exported from the country where the duty was collected.
DRAWEE : The addressee. The person or company that issues a draft. Therefore, it is the party that receives the payment.
DRAYAGE : The fee charged for local transportation by heavy goods vehicle or truck has the same meaning as “Cartage”.
DRSF : Abbreviation for “Destination Rail Freight Station”. “Destination rail freight station”.
DRY CARGO : Non-liquid cargo. Usually no temperature control is required.
DRY -BULK CONTAINER : Dry bulk container. Container made for transporting small-grained, powdery and solid-flowing goods in bulk. It has a special chassis or platform.
DUMPING : Discount, price undercut. Trying to import a good below the average market price of a country. Usually there is a subsidy from the exporting country.
E.C.M.C.A. : “Eastern Central Motor Carriers Association” USA East Coast Motor Carriers Association.
E.W.I.B. : “Eastern Weighing and Inspection Bureau” US East Coast Weight Measurement and Inspection Center.
EDGE PROTECTOR : A triangular shaped protector that prevents metal strips from damaging the packaging of the goods in cases, boxes, boxes, etc.
EDI : “Electronic Data Interface” Electronic Data Interchange (E.V.D.). Data exchange system that securely provides commercial information flow between computer systems.
EDIFACT : “United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Adminstration, Commerce and Transport” Organization that sets standards for electronic information exchange for management, commerce and transportation. Commercial electronic message system supported and developed by the United Nations and implemented in Turkish Customs . Also known as UN/EDIFACT.
ELEVATING : The value appraised for the transportation of grain products by grain elevators.
ELKINS ACT : The law enacted by the US Congress in 1903, which sets certain standards in accounting practices and imposes a penalty system for wrong practices.
EMBARGO : Embargo. A ban on all goods leaving a certain country or the transportation of certain goods regardless of their origin.
EMINENT DOMAIN : Expropriation. The government’s seizure of privately owned property for the public benefit with reasonable compensation.
EMPTY REPO : The contract for the transportation of the empty container and this transportation.
ENDORSEMENT : Turnover. Signature on the back of the negotiable document such as check/bill/bill of lading. Turnover indicates that the value of the negotiable document has been transferred to the bearer.
ENTRY : Entry documents. Documents required by the customs for customs clearance before the imported goods enter the domestic market.
EQUALIZATION : Official permission given to the shipper or the buyer to receive the cargo from a different place than the point specified on the bill of lading.
EQUIPMENT INTERCHANGE RECEIPT (EIR) : Equipment exchange certificate. Documentation required for the transportation of the container from one carrier to another or from one terminal to another.
ETA : “Estimated Time of Arrival” Estimated time of arrival.
ETHYLENE : Ethylene. Gas secreted by many fruits and vegetables, accelerating ripening. Some countries impose limitations on its use.
EX-“FROM” : As a sales term, “From a place”, “Ex” or “From” refers to the sales value of the goods at the point of origin. For example: “ex Factory” indicates the ex-factory price of the goods. “Ex Dock” refers to the price of the goods at the exit port.
EX DEC : A term meaning “Shipper’s Export Declaration”. Shipper’s Export Declaration.
EXCEPTION : Exceptions. When the carrier receives the goods at its terminal or port of shipment, noting visible damage or losses on the bill of lading.
EXIM BANK : “Export-Import Bank” A public bank established to promote imports and exports, providing credit guarantees to the exporter and repayment insurance for the export credits.
EXPIRY DATE : Expiry date. Expiry date for letter of credit, check, bond, letter of credit, tariff etc.
EXPORT : Export, Export. The sale of reprocessed goods produced in a particular country to third countries.
EXPORT DECLERATION : Export Declaration. The document required by the government before the foreign shipment of the goods.
EXPORT LICENCE : Export permit document. The document that allows the export of the specified goods to the owner to the specified direction.
EXPORT RATE : The price applied for the cargo sent from the local port to the foreign country.
EXW : “Ex Works” Delivery at the workplace. It means the end of the seller’s obligations when the seller makes the goods ready for the buyer in the seller’s own establishment (factory, warehouse, etc.). It does not have to load the vehicle provided by the company or fulfill the customs exit procedures. All costs and risks related to taking the goods from the seller’s establishment to the desired location belong to the buyer. This term carries a minimum obligation for the seller.
F.D.A. : “Food and Drug Administration” US Food and Drug Administration.
FACTOR : Factor. The ratio used to calculate sales receivables.
FAF : “Fuel Adjustement Factor” See BAF
FAK : “Freight All Kinds” General cargo. It refers to a fully loaded container in which the goods of different buyers are mixed.
FALSE BILLING : Misrepresentation of weight or freight on the shipping document.
FAS : “Free Alongside Ship” Delivery on Board of the Ship. It means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver by placing the goods on the quay or barge in line with the ship at the designated port of shipment. Costs and risks are borne by the buyer.
FCA : “Free Carrier” Free of charge to the carrier. It means the fulfillment of the seller’s obligation when the goods are delivered to the carrier specified by him at the place specified by the buyer, with the export transactions completed. may choose the point at which he will transfer the goods to the carrier.
FCL : “Full Container Load” Container filled by a single customer.
FD : “Free Discharge” Free discharge.
FEEDER SERVICE : Discharge service of cargo going to long distances from local ports to central transit port.
FEEDER VESSEL : Small-capacity short-haul vessels used for transit services.
FEU : “Forty-Foot Equivalent Units” 40 feet container standard. A 20-foot container is called a TEU. 2 TEU is equal to 1 FEU.
FIATA : “Federastion International des Associations de Trasitaires et Assimillés” International Federation of Freight Forwarder Associations. Headquartered in Zurich, 93 national transport, freight forwarders, customs agencies and logistics associations and federations are members.
FIFTH WHEEL : Semicircular steel piece that connects and locks the truck’s tractor to the chassis.
FIO : “Free In and Out” Indicates that the port costs required for loading or unloading from and to the ship are not included in the costs. It is the opposite of “Liner In and Out”.
FIRKIN : Unit of volume measurement equal to 1/4 of 1 barrel.
FIXED COSTS : Fixed costs. Expenses not related to the activity. Terminal, warehouse, warehouse etc. in transportation. rents, property tax and other flat taxes are such expenses.
FLAT CAR : Railroad car without roof and walls.
FLAT RACK/FLAT BED CONTAINER : A platform-shaped container without sides and walls, into which goods can be loaded from the side and from the top.
FMC : (F.M.C.) “Federal Maritime Commission” US National Maritime Commission.
FOB : “Free on Board” Free on board. Delivery at the specified port of loading. It means that the seller has completed his obligations with the delivery of the goods to the ship’s board at the specified port of loading. From this point forward, the buyer assumes all costs and risks associated with loss and damage to the goods. FOB requires issuance to be made by the seller.
FOB FREIGHT ALLOWED : In addition to the FOB sales conditions, the buyer undertakes the internal transportation up to the ship’s board at the point of departure of the goods. In this type of sale, the seller deducts the internal transportation cost from the invoice.
FOB FREIGHT PREPAID : Under FOB sales conditions, the seller undertakes the internal transportation from the exit point of the goods to the ship’s side. The name of the internal carrier is added next to the FOB phrase.
FOB NAMED POINT OF EXPORTATION : It means the seller’s obligation to deliver the goods up to the specified point in the FOB sales conditions.
FOB VESSEL FOB : means the seller’s obligation to prepare the costs and export documents until the ship’s board in the terms of sale.
FOR : Cargo sales term expressing “Free on Rail” “Delivery on rail”.
FORCE MAJEURE : Mandatory conditions. War, natural disaster, earthquake etc. A statement that summarizes events other than their control that prevent the contracting parties from fulfilling their obligations, such as
FORK LIFT : Construction machine used for lifting and lowering pallets, skids and boxes.
FOUL BILL OF LADING : Bill of lading showing that the goods are loaded damaged by the carrier. The opposite of “Clean Bill of Lading”.
FOUR-WAY PALLET : A pallet designed to enter the forks of the construction machine from all four sides.
FREE ASTRAY : Finding a lost item and sending it to the right destination free of charge.
FREE IN AND OUT (FIO) : The situation where the ship’s loading and unloading costs are paid by the charterer or the loader.
FREE PARTICULAR AVERAGE (FPA) : A marine insurance term expressing the insurer’s failure to pay for partial loss or damage, except in cases such as sinking, fire, collision and grounding.
FREE OUT : In case the ship’s unloading costs are paid by the lessee.
FREE PORT/FOREIGN TRADE ZONE : Port Free Zone. The port where customs-free goods are handled.
FREE TIME : Free, free time. Additional time during which loading/unloading equipment can be used free of charge.
FREE TRADE ZONE : Free Trade Zone. A port area where goods not prohibited by a country’s government can enter duty-free. In this zone, goods can be loaded, stored, manufactured and re-exported.
FREIGHT : Freight. Term expressing both freight and freight cost.
FREIGHT BILL : Freight invoice.
FREIGHT FORWARDER : Freight forwarder.
FREIGHTERS : Cargo ships. Goods ships with cold storage or packaging; container, partial container carriers and barge carriers.
FTL : “Full Truck Load” A truck loaded for a single loader and a single receiver.
FULL CONTAINERSHIP : Ships equipped with permanent container cells or no space for other types of cargo.
GATEWAY : Crossing point. The point where the cargo passes between the transportation lines.
GATT : “General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade” A multilateral agreement signed between countries to facilitate trade and increase volume. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994.
GBL : “Government Bill of Lading” State Bill of Lading.
GDSM : “General Department Store Merchandise” A term that usually refers to the goods of mass production companies. This expression is usually used in service contracts.
GENERAL CARGO SHIP : Mixed cargo ships. Packing freighters; This includes automobile, livestock, pallet and timber carriers.
GENERAL SET (GEN SET) : A portable generator mounted in a reefer container and providing cooling during transit time.
GO-DOWN : The name given to the warehouse where the goods are stored and distributed in the Far East.
GOODSNECK : The raised side of the chassis for coupling the container to the tractor.
GRI : “General Rate Increase” General price increase. Generally, it refers to the increase made by sea line carriers who are members of a conference on the general tariff.
GROSS TONAGE (GT) : Gross weight (V=Total volume of the ship) calculated approximately with the empirical formula (0.2+0.02 Log 10V) in ships.
GROSS WEIGHT : Gross weight. Total weight of goods, pallets, container, packages and wagons.
GROUPAGE : Groupage, consolidation. Consolidation service of partial loads in small packages by transferring them to large transport containers.
GVW : “Gross Vehicle Weight” Gross vehicle weight.
HARBOR MASTER : Harbor Master. A person who oversees the berthing, maneuvering and anchoring of ships in a port.
HATCH : A deck hatch covers. The hatch where the cargo entrances are made.
HAZ MAT : “Hazardeous Materials” Hazardous substance.
HEAVY LIFT CHARGE : The fee charged for lifting loads that are too heavy for a ship’s normal loading equipment to carry.
HIGH-DENSITY COMPRESSION : Compression of a standard cotton bale with a weight of 14.5 kilograms per cubic meter. It is generally used in cotton cargoes exported by sea.
HITCHMENT : Linking Service. The service of assembling the parts of the goods coming from different places, from a sender to a consignee under a single bill of lading.
HOPPER BARGE : A large open-bottom bucket barge used for loading and unloading ships.
HOUSE-TO-HOUSE : Another name for door-to-door transportation.
HOUSE TO PIER : Door to pier. Cargo loaded into a container by the carrier under the supervision of the carrier. When the cargo is exported, it is unloaded at the foreign arrival port.
HUMPING : The process of combining a mobile rail car with a stationary rail car in the rail classification area to form a train. Cars are moved by gravity from a hump or hillock to the appropriate rail.
IATA : “International Air Transport Organization” The organization that supervises the definitions and authorizations of Passenger and Cargo Transport in International Air Transport.
I/A : “Indepedent Action” It is the right of one of the conference members to write another tariff or rule based on the general rates and rules of the agreement.
I.C.C : Abbreviation for “International Chamber of Commerce”. International Chamber of Commerce.
I.E. : “Immediate Exit” Customs clearance emergency exit form used at US Customs when goods are brought in and exported immediately without being transported within the US borders.
I.M.C.O. : “International Maritime Consultative Organization” International Maritime Advisory Organization. A forum for all countries to take recommendations on dangerous goods, bulk cargo and general maritime rules.
I.M.D.G. CODE : “International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code” International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (U.D.T.M. Code). Rules published by IMO and determining the international transport rules and classification of dangerous goods.
I.S.O. : “International Standards Organization” International Standardization Organization. An organization that sets international standards in all matters, from equipment to packaging, labeling and document issuance.
I.T. : “Immediate Transport” Emergency Transportation. A document prepared by the carrier and used for customs clearance at the final destination, starting from the US port entrance. Transport ends customs clearance at the final destination. It is also called Transfer-In.
IGLOO : A container in the form of an airplane fuselage used in air transportation.
IMAGE PROCESSING : Image processing. A system of obtaining electronic photographs from a company’s documents and systematically storing these photographs in electronic media.
IMMEDIATE EXPOTATION : Urgent export. A record that allows foreign goods arriving at a port to be exported from the same port without paying customs duty.
IMPORT : Import, export. Receiving a product manufactured in a foreign country for sale within the country’s customs borders.
IMPORT LICENCE : Import License. Documentation, license required for the import of goods undertaken and regulated by some states.
IN BOND : Cargo moving under customs control without paying customs duty.
INBOND LOGISTICS : Supply Logistics. Its main subjects are determining the effective route and schedule, scheduling the delivery time of the component parts, monitoring the shipment movements by satellite, barcode verification at the pick-up and delivery points, supplier coordination; logistics management area with materials management and returnable container control.
IN GATE : At the door. Purchase, sale or exchange transactions at the time the container is unloaded from the carrier at the train station or port.
IN TRANSIT : In transit.
INCENTIVE RATE : Privileged tariff. Price tariff for more volume than the volume determined by the uploader. It is offered for the section that exceeds the normal volume.
INCOTERMS : Catalog of abbreviations used by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) for commercial sales terms. World-renowned forms of sale explaining at what point the seller and buyer’s transportation, insurance and liability costs change hands. These terms were last revised in 2000.
INDEMNITY BOND : Security bond. Agreement that assumes the responsibility to hold it without causing harm to the carrier.
INFOPARTNERING : Knowledge partnership. An active consumer response element that shows where retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers can develop partnerships based on shared “actionable knowledge” and establish real-time communication links.
INDEPENDENT ACTION : A cheaper non-conference tariff application for a specific line in container transportation by leaving a carrier out of the cartel.
INDEPENDENT TARIFF : Independent tariff. Any rate that is not part of the deal or conference system.
INDUCEMENT : When a ship is not on the pre-determined route, but later on, there is enough cargo to cover the cost of the ship’s visit at this port and this port is included in the ship’s route.
INHERENT VICE : Insurance and legal term indicating the internal features of the product. Some products may burn, deteriorate and damage other products due to their internal properties. Insurance policies place these products on exceptional terms.
INLAND CARRIER : Carrier that organizes transportation to domestic ports and points. A carrier controlling import or export traffic between unspecified ports or points.
INSOURCING : Internal sourcing. It is the opposite of outshurcing. Service performed in-house.
INSPECTION CERTIFICATE : The certificate issued by the firm or independent institutions such as SGS and Lloyd’s, which certifies the quality and/or number of the goods being sent.
INSTALLMENT SHIPMENTS : Complementary downloads. It is loading under the terms of a letter of credit. It should generally be done within the time allowed and given.
INSULATED CONTAINER : Isolated container. Open air, heat, pressure, humidity etc. from its walls, roof, floor and door. insulated container to protect it from changes.
INSULATED CONTAINER TANK : Insulated Tank Container. A container in the form of a tank, insulated from all kinds of atmospheric events, used in the transportation of liquid, gas and chemical substances.
INSURANCE : Insurance.
INSURANCE ALL-RISK : Insurance with no or minimum exemption limit. This type of insurance promises the largest amount of insurance to the carrier for the damages that may occur during transit. The concept of “All Risk” should not be misinterpreted as covering everything.
INSURANCE,GENERAL AVERAGE : General Average Insurance. Intentional damage to a part of the cargo for the safety of the cargo remaining on the ship in maritime transportation.
INSURANCE LIQUIDATIONS : Damaged Item Hunters. sub-market companies that specialize in purchasing items damaged during shipment and considered lost by insurance companies.
INSURANCE,PARTICULAR AVERAGE : Marine insurance term used for loss of goods insured against perils in personal transport. A partial average can be taken, but for this the damage must be more than a certain percentage. This ratio is usually 3% to 5% of the value of the load.
INSURANCE WITH AVERAGE CLAUSE : If the damage to the insured cargo exceeds 3% or half of the value of the insured goods, this clause applies. If the transport vehicle burns, sinks or collides, all the damage is paid. In marine insurance, the word average is called partial loss or partial loss.
INTEGRATED LOGISTICS : Integrated logistics. It is the system-wide view of the entire supply chain from the supply of raw materials to the distribution of the finished product by the management. Rather than managing the functions individually, all functions that make up the supply chain as a single entity need to be managed.
INTEGRATED OPERATOR : Integrated operator. A service that controls the entire movement process from the moment the load is received to the moment it is delivered. It is the thought that a tighter programming and total control will lead to a better service. they use their own tools.
INTERCHANGE : Transfer place/station. Transfer of load from one carrier to another carrier between lines.
INTERCHANGE POINT : The place where the cargo is transferred from one carrier to another carrier.
INTERCOASTAL : Sea transport service between two coasts.
INTERLINE FREIGHT : Indirect freight. Freight going from the origin to the destination on two or more transportation lines.
INTERMEDIATE POINT : The point between two transport routes.
INTERMODAL : Movement of the cargo container between different transportation modes (sea-land-train-air).
INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION : Intermodal transport. Applying more than one mode of transport to deliver the goods. Such movement of trailers-container by rail plus at least one other mode of transport.
INTERPLANT LOGISTICS : In-plant logistics. It refers to the mini-logistics movements carried out within the production and warehouse facilities.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE : Interstate Commerce in the USA. Exchange of goods between buyers and sellers in two or more states.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION : Interstate Commerce Commission in the USA. Federal body charged with enforcing laws passed by the U.S. Congress regarding interstate carriers. It is directly responsible to Congress.
INTRASTATE COMMERCE : Intrastate commerce in the USA. Conducting all business between buyer and seller within the state.
IN-TRANSIT COMMERCE (I.T.) : A document that allows foreign goods arriving at one port to be transported to another port. Goods that can replace the original goods at the other port are sent back.
INVENTORY : Inventory.
INVENTORY COST : The financial burden of maintaining inventory.
INVENTORY TURNOVER : The rate of how many times a company turns its inventory on any product annually. Inventory management is the most important criterion in the success of companies.
INVESTMENT RECOVERY : Recovery of investment.
INVOICE : 1-Invoice. 2-A list showing the number, price and maritime transaction taxes of the goods sent to the buyer in maritime.
INWARD FOREIGN MANIFEST(IFM) : Manifesto. Document stating all the details about the type and amount of cargo. It is the main source of cargo control. Required in all world ports.
IPI : “Inland Point Intermodal” It is the non-port land points used by the carriers in the loading documents.
IRREGULAR : Non-standard, irregular.
IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT : Irrevocable Letter of Credit. A letter of credit guaranteed to pay the amount specified by the bank if all terms and conditions are met by the transferee. This type of letter of credit cannot be invalidated without the mutual consent of the seller and the buyer.
ISO 9000 : ISO 9000 Standard. A set of quality assurance standards compiled by the International Standards Organization ISO, headquartered in Geneva.
ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARTS ORGANIZATION : International Standards Organization. See ISO
ISSUING BANK : The bank of the recipient that opens the letter of credit. As soon as the necessary documents are delivered, it pays the price of the product to the seller or its bank.
ISSUING CARRIER : The carrier that issues the transport documents or prints the tariff.
JACKET : Wood or fiber protector placed around cans and bottles.
JACOB’S LADDER : Rope ladder hanging from the side of the vehicle used for boarding.
JETTISON : It is the throwing of cargo or tool materials (jetsam) from the ship while the ship is in danger.
JIT : “Just in Time” Inventory control method that minimizes storage cost. For the method to be successful, the containers must arrive at the storage area on time, neither early nor late.
JOINT RATE : The price applied from the first transport point to the next. These transportation systems are the only tariff agreed and approved between the lines.
KILOGRAM : Kilogram. 1000 gr. or a unit of weight equal to 2.2046 pounds.
KING PIN : The part that connects the front of the chassis with the tractor.
KNOCKED DOWN (KD) : Dismantling of the load for reassembly in order to make an economical loading.
KNOWN LOSS : Known loss. Loss detected at or before delivery.
KT : Kilo ton or metric ton. 1000 kilos or 2,204.6 pounds
L/C : Abbreviation for “Letter of Credit”. Letter of Credit, Letter of Credit.
LADEN : Loaded on the side of the vehicle or ship.
LADING : Expresses the loaded goods and cargo content.
LANDBRIDGE : Bridge country transport. Carriage of a good by sea from a second country to third countries by road or rail. Just like when a product originating from Asia is transported by land in the USA and transferred to Europe by sea.
LANDED COST : The total cost of a product to the buyer, including shipping costs.
LANDING CERTIFICATE : A certificate issued by the consulates of some importing country for goods subject to customs at the export point or place.
LANDING GEAR : The part on the front of the chassis that helps to stabilize the trailer when it is separated from the tractor.
LASH : “Lighter Aboard Ship” A ship with a crane for lifting and unloading goods.
LCL : “Less than Container Load” Container with partial loading. It must have multiple uploaders and/or multiple receivers.
LESS THA TRUCKLOAD : See. LCL
LETTER OF CREDIT (LC) : Letter of credit, letter of credit. Authorization of a bank on behalf of the importing buyer to pay the seller a certain amount, provided that certain conditions are met and certain documents are delivered.
LETTER OF CREDIT-REVOLVING : Renewed letter of credit. A certain amount of irrevocable letter of credit renews itself for the same amount at the end of a specified maturity.
LETTER OF CREDIT-TRANSFERRABLE : Transferable letter of credit. It is the type of letter of credit in which the beneficiary can request the bank to transfer all or part of the letter of credit to a third party.
LETTER OF IMDEMNITY : Letter of compensation. A document sometimes signed by the sender and given to the carrier, despite the damage and damage detected during the inspection of the goods in order to obtain a clean bill of lading (Clean Bill of Lading).
LIGHTENING : The ship’s lightening by unloading a part of its cargo while it is anchored so that it can dock at the port.
LINE HAUL : Line transport. Transportation from one city to another outside of the local service.
LINER : A ship that regularly transports lines between certain ports.
LLOYD’S REGISTRY : LLOYD Registry. The institution that conducts the inspection and classification of ships and thus informs the insurers and other interested parties about the insurance or the quality and condition of the ships put into use.
LOCAL CARGO : Local freight. Freight delivered to the carrier in the local area or delivered from the carrier to the final consignee.
LOGISTICS : Logistics. The part of the supply chain that plans, implements and controls the efficient and effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from production to consumption to ensure customer satisfaction.
LONG TON : Large ton. 2,204 pounds.
LONGSHOREMAN : Docker. Person assigned to load and unload ships at the port.
LOOSE : Unpackaged, unpackaged goods.
M.M.F.B. : “Middlewest Motor Freight Bureau” Midwest Cargo Office in the USA.
MALPRACTICE : Corruption. Illegal low rates at which the carrier is discounted or valuated for freight for cargo attractive to customers. In this case, the content of the material valued at the low tariff is not reported.
MANDAMUS : The decision of the court to take special actions.
MANIFEST : Manifesto. It is the document showing the list of details prepared by the carrier and its agent. Summary details of the total cargo on board. It is generally used for customs purposes.
MARINE INSURANCE : Marine insurance. It is a type of contractual insurance made to cover losses that may arise as a result of marine risk. Boat, P&I, Cargo “Hamule” etc. There are types.
MARITIME : Maritime or commercial business done at sea or in port under the jurisdiction of the maritime court.
MARKING : Number, document or other symbols placed on cargo packages to facilitate identification. Also known as Mark.
MARLINESPIKE : Marked metal rod. It is used to tie the shore rope.
MASTER INBOND : A program implemented by American Customs under the EDI BILGE system, AMS, which allows electronic reporting of foreign cargo in the United States.
MATE’S RECEIPT : (Formerly) Receipt showing that the cargo was received by the first officer against signature. The owner of the receipt has the bill of lading and the right to change it.
MBM : 1000 board feet.1 MBM equals 2.265 cm.
MCFS : “Master Container Freight Station” Abbreviation for Master Container Freight Station. See CFS.
MEASUREMENT : CARGO Freight charged based on basic volume measurements.
MEASUREMENT TON 400 : A unit of volume in the equation of feet3.
MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CONTAINER : Ventilated container.
MOMERANDUM BILL OF LADING : City bill of lading. Copy of bill of lading.
METER : Meter. Approximately 39.37 inches and 100 cm. corresponding unit of length.
METRIC TONE : 2,204.6 pounds or 1000 kg. equivalent weight unit.
MICROBRIDGE : It is the transportation provided by the sea carrier from the point of departure of the cargo to the place where it is loaded and finally unloaded. Meanwhile, cargo and freight are the responsibility of the carrier.
MILE : Mil. A land mile is approximately 1609 meters, and a nautical mile is approximately 1852 meters.
MINI LANDBRIDGE : Combined transport system in which the container is transported by rail or truck to the previous port after being transported by sea.
MINIMUM BILL OF LADING : One of the bills of lading. Indicates that the lowest price is applied by the carrier. This pricing can be the current price and exact quantity per tonne.
MINIMUM CHARGE : The lowest value appraised for the transportation of the goods.
MIXED CONTAINER LOAD : Loading different goods into the container in a single loading.
MLB : Abbreviation for “Mini Landbridge”. See related article.
WODIFIED ATMOSPHERE : Changing gas mixtures to normal atmospheric pressure inside the container.
MT : Abbreviation for “Metric Ton”. A unit of weight equal to 100 kg.
MULTIMODAL : Combined system. After the container is transported by sea, it is shipped to the previous port by rail or truck.
MULTITANK CONTAINER : Container containing two or more liquid tanks.
N.C.I.T.D. : “National Committee on International Trade Documentation” USA National Committee for International Trade Certification.
N.M.F.C. : “National Motor Freight Classification” National Ground Cargo Classification in the USA.
N.P.C.F.B. : “North Pacific Coast Freight Bureau” USA North Pacific Coast Freight Office.
NAUTICAL MILE : Nautical mile. A unit of sea distance of approximately 1852 metres.
NEC : “Not Elsewhere Classified” Bill of lading term meaning “classified elsewhere”.
NEGETIOABLE INSTRUMENTS : Negotiable documents such as checks, promissory notes, bills of lading or bills of lading.
NES : “Not Elsewhere Specified” A bill of lading meaning “not elsewhere specified”.
NESTED : Packing in such a way that one product is completely buried in another, which saves space and volume.
NET TARE WEIGHT : Net tare weight. The own weight of the transport units.
NET TONNAGE (NT) : Net tonnage. It is the net weight written on the ship’s certificate. Some port costs are calculated on this weight.
NET WEIGHT : Net weight. It is the specific gravity of the goods without any packaging.
NEUTRAL BODY : An organization established to examine the tax violations with its own policy and to take control of carrier documents by complying with the decisions of the naval conference of its members. Violations are reported to members and significant penalties are imposed.
NO-SHOW : The cargo could not reach the sea on time even though it was booked and therefore it was not loaded.
NOI : “Not Otherwise Indexed” Bill of lading term meaning “not shown in the Index”.
NOIBN : “Not Otherwise Indexed By Name” A bill of lading term meaning “not indicated by the name unless otherwise stated”.
NON-DUMPING CERTIFICATE : Document required by some countries to prevent cheap selling of ships and other products.
NON-VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIER (NVOCC) : Using someone else’s ship and issuing bills of lading on its own behalf; consolidator companies, freight forwarders, which take place from maritime carriers and sell them to exporters. NVOCC issues bills of lading, publishes recipes, and even organizes transportation without physical transportation, also known as “Non-Vehicle Operation Common Carrier”.
NOR : “Notice of Readiness” Preparation letter. Notification that the ship is ready for loading.NOS : “Not Otherwise Specified” A bill of lading meaning “not otherwise specified”.
NOSE : Nose. The front of the wagon or container.
O.E.C.D. : “Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development”, Economic Cooperation and Development Organization with its headquarters in Paris”. Organization of the countries with the largest gross national product in the world.
O.P.I.C. : Abbreviation for “Overseas Private Investment Corporation”. Overseas Private Investment Organization in the USA.
OCEAN BILL OF LADING (OCEAN B/L) : Sea waybill. It is a contract of carriage between the exporter and the carrier. It is proof that the carrier has received the material. If it is negotiable, the bill of lading can be sold, bought or exchanged while the cargo is in transit.
ODS : “Operating Differential Subsidy” is the name given to the cash incentive given to transportation companies by the US government.
ON BOARD : Expression on the bill of lading showing that the cargo has been loaded onto the ship. The terms of the letter of credit are specified in the bill of lading when necessary.
ON DECK : Expression on the bill of lading on board that indicates that the cargo has been loaded onto the open deck.
OPEN ACCOUNT : Open account. Commercial agreement showing that the goods are loaded to the foreign buyer without a guarantee of payment.
OPEN INSURANCE POLICY : Open insurance policy. Insurance covering all of the transports to be made by an exporter in a certain term in maritime transport.
OPEN TOP CONTAINER : Container type with removable roof cover or covered with tarpaulin, where loading and unloading can be done from the top.
OPERATING RATIO : Comparison of the carrier’s net sales and expenses. It is used to measure operational efficiency.
OPTIMUM CUBE : The highest volume reached in container loading.
ORDER-NOTIFY (O/N) : Bill of lading term expressing the delivery of the goods before customs clearance. It is generally valid for goods with letter of credit.
ORFS : “Origin Rail Freight Station” Abbreviation for cargo train exit station. Goods exit train station.
ORIGIN : The place where the goods start to be transported.
ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING (OBL) : Original bill of lading. The signed document required for the completion of the carrier contract. The carrier who issued the bill of lading should put the expression “original” on the document.
OS&D : “Over, Short or Damaged” Statement on the bill of lading if the goods are found to be “excess, minus or damaged” during loading.
OUT GATE : Operations when the container leaves the train or ship port.
OVERCHARGE : Pricing over the printed tariff.
OVERHEIGHT CARGO : Cargo that is higher than 8 feet and therefore cannot be loaded into a standard container.
OWNERCODE (SCAC) : “Standard Carrier Abbreviation Code” Identifies the individual name carrier.
P&I : “Protection and Indemnity” P&I insurance are insurance clubs established by shipowner companies because the amount of cargo and environmental damage to be incurred may be too large to be covered by reinsurance companies. Except for small-volume local shipments, all international sea shipments require the ship to have P&I insurance.
PACKING LIST : A list in which the unit/item and signs of the transported goods are specified but their values are not included.
PADAG : “Please Authorize Delivery Against Guarantee” “Please ensure delivery of goods against guarantee”. If the buyer does not have the original bill of lading, it is used to instruct the relevant agent.
PAIRED PORTS : A customs program implemented in the USA. An electronic system that allows cargo acceptance to any of the two designated customs gates without entry documents.
PAPER RAMP : Railroad ramp used to equalize two points.
PAPER RATE : The transportation fee that remains on paper because it is not applied to any load.
PARCEL RECEIPT : The name given to the document given to the cargo owner instead of the bill of lading, if a carrier carries small packages, completely in accordance with the rules and laws, for a fee below the minimum bill of lading price.
PARTIAL CONTAINERSHIP : Partial container ship. Ship with compartments for both permanent container cells and partial cargo.
PARTIAL SHIPMENTS : Partial loading.
PARTICULAR AVERAGE : A term related to insurance. It is used in premium calculation.
PAYEE : The person on whose behalf a payment will be made in a certain negotiable instrument, the creditor. In the letter of credit, the creditor can be the check/note holder or the bank.
PER DIEM : Latin term for a fixed wage on a daily basis.
PERILS OF THE SEA : Risks that the carrier has no legal responsibility in maritime transport.
PHYTOSANITARY INSPECTION CERTIFICATE : Phytosanitary Certificate. A document issued for a product to be exported to another country and at the request of this country, showing that the agricultural product is not harmful to health and does not carry any disease.
PICKUP : Receiving the cargo subject to a loading from the factory or warehouse of the loader by truck.
PIER : Pier, dock.
PIER TO PIER : Transport from pier to pier.
PIGGY PACKER : Mobile crane for loading/unloading containers onto railway wagons.
PIGGYBACK : The name given to the transportation of the truck with its cargo by rail. Also called “Rail Pigs”.
PLACE OF DELIVERY : Place of delivery.
POD : “Port of Discharge” or “Port of Destination” Discharge.
POINT OF ORIGIN : Origin (origin) place. The point where the cargo is received from the loader.
POL : 1..”Port of Loading” Loading port. 2. “Petroleum Oil and Lubrications” Petroleum and other liquid fuels.
POMERENCE ACT : The law in the USA that indicates the situations in which a bill of lading can be issued.
PORT OF DISCHARGE (BILL OF LADING) : The place shown as “Unloading Port” on the bill of lading.
PORT OF ENTRY : The customs point where the cargo is unloaded and entered the importing country.
PORT OF EXIT : The customs point where the cargo is loaded and exited the country.
PRATIQUE CERTIFICATE : The document issued by the ministry of health of the relevant country or the ministry to remove the temporary quarantine on a ship. It’s called “practice” in shipping jargon.
PRE COOLING : Pre-cooling method applied for citrus and similar perishable cargoes and preventing deterioration of cargo due to sudden temperature changes.
PREPAID (Ppd.) : Prepayments made by the shipper before the carrier releases the bill of lading.
PRO FORMA INVOICE : Proforma invoice. An invoice sent by a supplier to the buyer, stating all terms of sale, the type, quantity and value of the goods to be loaded.
PRO RATE : A Latin term meaning “proportionate”. It states that if the permissible day time is exceeded and completed first in the lining and undercoat calculations, especially in shipping, the difference will be calculated with the elapsed hour and minute ratio, not the full day in the calculation of the time.
PROJECT RATE : The price given at once for the transportation of various goods belonging to a project. It is often used for construction projects.
PUBLISHING AGENT : Person or organization authorized by transportation lines to publish tariffs and prices or regulations and rules.
QUARANTINE : Quarantine. An area that is subject to permission in order to protect the health of the public. A ship may be quarantined for health reasons and prevented from mooring in a certain area. A flag with the capital letter “Q” is hoisted over the quarantined ship.
QUOTA : Quota. Quantity of goods that can be imported for a given period of time.
QUOTATION : Quotation. A proposal to sell a good under certain conditions and at a certain price.
RAG TOP : Open container with a tarp top.
RAIL DIVISION : The transportation fee paid to the railways by the maritime carrier.
RAIL GROUNDING : The evacuation of the container from the train.
RAMP : Railroad ramp. Railway terminal where the container is loaded and unloaded. In the past, this process is called by this name because it took place on the railway ramp where the wagons docked. This process is carried out today with cranes and other lifting/unloading vehicles.
RAMP YO DOOR : Transportation from the ramp to the address desired by the customer.
RAMP TO RAMP : Transport from one railway terminal to another.
RATE BASIS : All of the factors within the formulas during pricing.
REASONABLENESS : The principle of being reasonable in transportation fee. According to the International Chamber of Commerce and legal regulations, the transportation fee should be at a level that will cover the traffic and transportation costs to the carrier and leave a reasonable profit to the carrier.
REBATE : Reducing the prices to a level that will create unfair competition below the tariffs.
RECONSIGNEMENT : To change the port of destination or consignee on the bill of lading while the goods are in transit. See DIVERSION
RECOUSE : Claiming debt or invoice from guarantors.
READ LABEL : A red label to be affixed to flammable hazardous materials.
REFFER : Refrigerant container.
RELATED POINTS : Points with the same prices for a group of points or that are connected to the group.
RELAY : Container transport between transport vehicles with the same owner.
REMITTANCE : Money order.
RESTRICTED ARTICLES : Classified substances that can be transported when certain conditions are met.
REVENUE TON (RT) : Revenue per ton of transportation.
REVERSE IPI : The container to be transported somewhere in the interior of the USA is left at the eastern ports.
RFQ : “Request for quatation” Transfer request.
RO/RO : “Roll on/Roll of Vessels” Ro/Ro transportation. A mode of transportation in which wheeled vehicles can board the ship without a crane.
ROLL : Do not rebook cargo on the next ship.
ROLLING : The movement of the ship from side to side.
ROLL-ON/ROLL-OF VESSELS : See RO/RO.
RUNNING GEAR : Complementary tool used to move the container.
RVNX : “Released Value Not Exceeding” Limitation of the cost of goods transported.
SANCTION : Sanction. An embargo by a government against another country
SCAC CODE : See “Owner Code”.
SEA WAYBILL : Sea waybill. A document showing that the goods used by the company in the transports made for itself are loaded on the ship’s side.
SEA-BEE VESSEL : Ship with lift or lift. Offshore vessels with heavy duty hydraulic lifts or lifts installed in the aft section that can be submerged. “See Bee” barges are larger than LASH barges. “Sea-Bee” systems are not used for very long.
SEA PROTEST : See Captain Protest.
SEAWORTHINESS : Navigational suitability, seaworthiness. The suitability of a ship for its intended use is the suitability of the ship for the intended voyage in all directions.
SED : “Shipper’s Export Declaration” Shipper’s Export Declaration issued by the US Department of Commerce.
SERVICE : 1-Service, service. 2- A fleet of ships that make a certain voyage and provide a certain market service.
SERVICE CONTRACT : Service contract. The contract between the shipper/sender and the carrier. In this contract, the seller undertakes to provide cargo or pay freight to the carrier for a certain period of time, while the carrier guarantees certain service quality, cargo location and cruise time etc. to the sender in return for a certain tariff. offers assurances. The contract also includes sanctions to be applied if the parties do not fulfill their obligations.
SHEX : “Sunday and Holidays Excluded” excluding Sundays and holidays.
SHINC : “Sunday and Holidays Included” Including Sundays and holidays.
SHIP CHANDLER : Ship’s outfitter. A person or company that sells equipment and equipment for ships.
SHIP DEMURRAGE : Ship’s warehouse fee. Demurrage/Istaria fee. The price paid for exceeding a promised period for the delay of a cargo ship.
SHIPMENT : Load. All of the cargo specified on the bill of lading, sent by a sender to a buyer at once.
SHIPPER : Shipper/shipper/consignment. The owner or agent of the transported goods.
SHIPPERS ASSOCIATION : The carriers association or transport association. Non-profit association representing the interests of carriers.
SHIPPERS INSTRUCTIONS : Shipper instructions. Transport, delivery, bill of lading format, etc. of the goods sent by the carrier or agent to the carrier. instructions on the subject.
SHIPPER’S LETTER OF INSTRUCTION FOR ISSUING AN AIR WAYBIL : The document that the carrier or freight forwarder agency requires authorization to issue and sign an air waybill on behalf of the carrier.
SHIPPER’S LOAD&COUNT (SL&C) : Shipper Loading and Counting. Shipment loaded and approved by the carrier and not checked and certified by the carriers. Loading and counting information is the responsibility of the owner.
SHIPPING ORDER : Carrier instruction. The order of the carrier to send the goods to the carrier. It is usually the third copy of the bill of lading.
SHIP’S BELL : The bell. Timer on board. One chime is for every half hour. One bell rings at 12:30, two bells at 1:00, three bells at 1:30, and thus eight bells by 4:00. At 4:30, the cerim starts again with a bell.
SHORE : Support pier. To place a post or brace against or under something to prevent sinking or tilting.
SHORT TON : 2000 pounds or 2000 pounds. Also known as American tone.
SHIP’S MANIFEST : Ship summary statement/Manifesto. A list with details of loads on a particular voyage.
SHRINK WRAP : Protective packaging. Polyethylene or similar material that has been heat treated and compressed in an envelope around several units. Protects the loads on the pallet.
SIDE LOADER : Lateral loader. It is a lifting bumper with a lifting device on one corner to lift the container.
SIDE DOOR CONTAINER : Laterally closed container. A container equipped with a back door and at least one side door.
SIGHT DRAFT : Valuable documents such as checks, promissory notes, which can be paid upon the application of the addressee/recipient.
SKIDS : Sled, plank. Wedges, series-parallel skids placed under boxes or made to allow easy access by forklifts or other lifting equipment to lift packages higher.
SLEEPERS : A loaded container, the contents of which are not included in the reports, carried on the railroad.
SPINE CAR : Special container handling tool, staker. Autorail vehicle with 5 articulated platforms is used where the use of “stack car” is limited by height and weight limits.
SPOTTING : Placing the container where it will be loaded and unloaded.
STABILITY : 1- Stability. 2- The force that raises or turns a ship up when it capsizes. The bottom lift weight improves stability. A ship is rigid at high stability and soft at low stability.
STACK CAR : Container handling tool, staker. It is an articulated, 5 platform, autorail vehicle that provides double support to the containers.
STACKTRAIN : Rail container handling vehicle, staker.
STANDART INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION : A standard numerical code describing products and services used by the American government.
STANDART INDUSTRIAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION : A standard numerical code developed by the United Nations for the classification of goods used in international trade.
STARBOARD : Starboard side of the ship.
STATUE OF LIMITATION : Timeout period. (About a contract of carriage) The period during which the right to apply to the court for claims expires.
STC : “Said to Contain” Packaging. Note placed on the bill of lading by the carrier for the goods declared to be in the package by the sender.
STCC : “Standard Transportation Commodity Code” “Standard Shipping Code” according to the type of goods.
STEAMSHIP CONFERENCE : Ship Operators Conference. A cartel created by ship operators to establish transport tariffs.
STEAMSHIP GUARANTEE : Ship’s guarantee. A compensation issued to carriers through a bank; Protects carriers against any loss or increase in damages resulting from the recovery of goods in a received lot.
STERN : The back of the ship. Opposite of head.
STEVEDORE : Private companies and their workers that carry out loading and unloading operations in ports.
STORE-DOOR PICK-UP DELIVERY : Fast delivery from warehouse to end user. The carrier receives the goods from the sender and provides all transportation services to the final consumption point.
STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING : Bill of lading with registered name. The name given to non-negotiable bills of lading. A bill of lading issued directly to/on behalf of the consignee and thus not used by other parties. “Non-Negociable” (non-negotiable) stamp or writing can be placed on it.
STRADDLE CARRIER : A large wheeled truck used for container transport, loading and unloading.
STRIPPING : Unloading from the container. See Devanning
STUFFING : Loading the container.
STW : “Said to Weight” Note placed on the bill of lading by the carrier who does not control the weight declaration of the carrier.
SUBROGATE : Insurance phrase meaning to replace one, to replace the other. For example, in marine insurance, the insurer paying the indemnity gains the rights of the insurer paying the money.
SUFFERANCE WHARF : Customs pier. The place where the goods subject to customs are taken out. It is a client authority and a participating scaffold. The pier where the customs authorities are present and approved by the customs authorities.
SUPPLY CHAIN : The supply chain. Logistics management system covering all activities from raw material procurement to manufacturing and production to final consumption. “Just in Time” is an example of supply chain management.
SURCHARGE : Over the tariff or extra payments.
SURTAX : Additional tax.
T&E : “Tranportation and Exportation” Transportation and export. The customs form that controls the cargo movements from the port entrance to the exit of the goods.
TAIL : Queue. The back of the container or trailer. The opposite side of the nose or front.
TANKERS : Tanker. Crude oil and petroleum products; Ships equipped with tanks to carry liquid cargo, such as chemical, liquefied gas LNG, LPG, wine, molasses and similar product tankers.
TARE WEIGHT : Tare weight. In the case of wagon or container transport, the empty weight of the wagon or container.
TARIFF : Tariff. Price offers and rules applied by transport companies.
TBN : “To Be Nominated” Note placed on the bill of lading when the name or code of the ship or other means of transport is not known yet.
TELEX : Telex. It is used to deliver messages to other companies. Fax or internet has replaced this system in most places. However, in international trade, it is still the only valid written communication method in court.
TEMPERATURE RECORDER : Temperature recorder. Device that records the temperature in the container while the cargo is en route.
TENDER : Price offer. Quotation for goods transportation, vehicle parking or container loading and unloading.
TENOR : The date and maturity of the payment stipulated in the check.
TERMINAL : The area allocated for the preparation of containers to be loaded on ships, trains, trucks or planes or for the immediate stacking of containers to be unloaded from these vehicles.
TERMINAL CHARGE : Terminal fee. Price charged for services in carriers’ terminal areas.
TERMS OF SALE : Sales terms. Cargo sales terms specifying the responsibilities of the buyer and seller in transportation, which was determined by the International Chamber of Commerce in 2000. These are EXW, FCA, FAS, CFR, CIF, CPKT, CIP, DAF, DES, DEA, DDU and DDF.
TEU : “Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit” 20 Feet container.
TROUGH RATE : One price. Total price from origin to final destination.
TROUGHPUT CHARGE : Container download/unload fee. Charges for transporting the container to the container area or to the ship.
TIME CHARTER : Contract duration. A lease agreement between the owner and the charterer. The duration of the lease can be based on years or the cruise.
TIME DRAFT : Check due date. A check that is due or a time that has passed the specified time.
TIR : Abbreviation for “Transport International par la Route”. International Road Transport Agreement. An international road transport agreement between the American and European governments. It allows sealed containers to cross national borders by showing TIR Carnets.
TL : Abbreviation for “Trailer Load”. Full truck load.
TOFC : “Trailer on Flat Car” Overlap transport. Transport in the form of a trailer on an open freight car. Also known as “piggyback”.
TON_MILE : The ton weight of the load carried per mile. It is used to compare income and expenses in transportation. The return on transporting 1 ton of cargo 1 mile.
TONNAGE : Tonnage. A unit of volume measuring 100 feet3.
TOP AIR DELIVERY : Type of air circulation in the container. In the air circulation unit, the air is filtered through the evaporator to the lowest part of the container and delivered from the grooves to the top of the container. This type of stream contains special methods.
TOWAGE : Timetable for reserve ships. Tariff applied to towed vessels.
TRACTOR : Tractor, tractor. Road vehicle towing one or more trailers.
TRADE ACCEPTANCE : Payment term acceptance. Payment time or due date accepted by the buyer.
TRAFFIC : Traffic. People or goods transported on the transport line.
TRAMP LINE : Irregular line. Maritime transport companies do not use their ships on smooth and periodic routes. Where there is cargo to be loaded, it directs its ships there.
TRANSPORT : Transport, transportation. Transport of cargo from one place to another.
TRANSPORTATION & EXIT (T&E) : Foreign goods arriving at a port for carriage and exporting to another port in the same country without paying customs duty.
TRANSSHIP : Transfer. Transfer of goods from one line of transport to another, or from one ship to another.
TRANSSHIPMENT PORT : Transfer port. Where cargo is transferred from one carrier to another carrier.
TRUST RECEIPT : Transfer of the goods under the protection of the bank to the buyer, removing them from its own protection.
TURNAROUND : Waiting time. In maritime transport, the time between the ship’s arrival at the port and its departure.
TWIST-LOCK : Lock. Four collapsible bayonet-shaped apparatus used to secure containers onto a secure chassis.
TWO-WAY PALLET : Two-way pallet. Pallet designed in such a way that fork forklifts can only grasp from both sides.
U.S.CONSULAR INVOICE : US Consular document. Consular document required for goods imported into the United States.
UCP : “Uniform Customs and Practice for Dokumentary Credits” is the most frequently used payment standard for international trade, published by the International Chamber of Commerce. The publication that updates new changes in transportation and banking, such as letter of credit payments.
UFC : “Uniform Freight Classifications” Transport standards.
ULLAGE : Tool. Empty space available when the container is not full. Empty space, an area that cannot be filled with liquid-filled barrels or tanks.
UNCLAIMED FREIGHT : A cargo that is not requested, investigated or received by the buyer.
UNDERCHARGE : To charge less than the actual amount.
UNIT LOAD : Unit load. Packages, loads, loaded on pallets, crates, ready to move.
UNIT TRAIN : Approximately 100 wagons that have been determined to be used in the route changes or to be used in the changes made in the route.
UNITZATION : Consolidation. Like a pallet, picking up multiple loads and making them one piece.
UNLOADING : To unload. Unloading the goods on board.
VALIDATED EXPORT LICENCE : “Export Authorization Certificate” in the USA.
VALIDATION : To approve the bill of lading. To prove and document the accuracy of the bill of lading.
VANNING : Stacking the goods in the container.
VARIABLE COST : Variable costs. Prices change according to the activities carried out in a short time. For example, changes in prices involving transporting cargo within the country’s borders by train or truck, work done at some ports, and cost of equipment hired for a short period of time.
VENTILATED MANIFEST : Ship manifest. The international carrier is obliged to provide information on the crew and the goods it contains, both at the port of departure and at the port of destination. The ship customs declaration contains various details about each shipment together with the bill of lading number.
VESSEL SUPPLIES FOR IMMEDIATE EXPORTATION : The goods to ship, plane, etc. A ship that allows loading from a single port, center, and exporting from the same port or center.
VIZ : A Latin abbreviation meaning “by name”. It is used to clearly indicate products in customs taxes.
WAR RISK : (In Insurance) Risk of War. Insurance of loss of property in case of war.
WAREHOUSE : Warehouse. The area where loads are accepted, consolidated, shipped and stocked.
WAREHOUSE ENTRY : Warehouse entry document. Document used to identify imported goods placed in the warehouse. Its job is to collect taxes when the goods are removed from the warehouse for distribution and consumed, not while they are in the warehouse.
WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL FOR TRANSPORTATION (WDT) : The transportation of the commercial goods in the customs warehouse from one port to another port.
WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL FOR TRANSPORTATION EXPORTATION : Transportation of goods in a customs warehouse from one port to another port for export without paying taxes over the USA.
WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL FOR TRANSPORTATION IMMADIATE EXPORTATION (WDEX) : Ensuring that the goods in the customs warehouse are exported directly without paying taxes.
WAREHOUSING : Storage.
WAYBILL (WB) : Bill of lading, bill of lading. In maritime transport, a document prepared by the transport line, showing the starting point, destination, route, consignor, consignee, description of the vessels and the amount of charge applied to the transport service. This document is sent to the agency together or by mail.
WEIGHT AND MESUREMENT : Calculation of freight according to weight and volume. measure tone; 40 feet3 or 1 m3. Net ton and missing ton=2000 Ibs Grosston/longton=2,249 Ibs. Metric tons, kilo tons = 2204.3 Ibs. Cubic meters = 35.314 cubic feet.
YARD : Classification, inspection and storage area.
YORK ANTWERP RULES OF 1974 : A set of rules made in 1994, with the last changes made, especially regarding the calculation of the average according to the bill of lading or C/P provisions. With the agreement of the parties, these rules have been put into practice and there is no international coercion.
ZULU TIME : Set time to Greenwich.
